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Informality remains widespread in South Asia despite decades of economic growth. The low earnings and high vulnerability in the informal sector make this a major development issue for the region. Yet, there is no consensus on its causes and consequences, with the debate polarized between a view that informality is a problem of regulatory evasion and should be eradicated, and another that equates informality with economic exclusion. Recent advances in analyzing informality as the outcome of firm dynamics in distorted economic environments can help reconcile them. Building on these advances, the approach adopted in this volume clarifies that there are different types of informality, with different drivers and consequences. The report has four main messages that underscore the need for a multipronged strategy. First, informality in South Asia is dominated by firms that happen to be outside the purview of regulations because they are small, as opposed to those that remain small to escape regulations. Second, reforms of business regulations tend to have small direct effects on the informal sector, although they could have sizable indirect impacts on it if they succeed in removing major inefficiencies in the broader economy. Third, e-commerce platforms offer new opportunities to informal firms and workers, but many of them lack complementary skills or credit to benefit from such technologies. Fourth, a combination of contributory and non-contributory programs recognizing the heterogenous saving capacities of informal workers may be necessary to achieve more universal coverage of social insurance.

Informal sector (Economics) --- Taxation

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El presente informe se ha elaborado sobre la base de las respuestas recibidas de los gobiernos y de empleadores y de trabajadores y contiene los puntos esenciales de sus observaciones. Se divide en dos secciones: la primera sección comprende los comentarios generales, y la segunda contiene las observaciones de los mandantes sobre disposiciones específicas del proyecto de recomendación.

Informal sector (Economics)

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A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Economic development. --- Informal sector (Economics)

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The underprivileged labour force in India as distinct from the organized and unionized sector of labour in industry, constitutes a widely exploited section of the society. What are the conditions of their working environment? What legal provisions have been made for safeguarding their welfare? What are the special measures to be additionally undertaken to cater to specific requirements of each category of labour? These and other questions are dealt by the author in this book Welfare of Unorganised Labour. The book contains seventeen chapters, five appendices, and a bibliography. The book will

Labor policy. --- Informal sector (Economics)

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Although entrepreneurship in the informal economy occurs outside state regulatory systems, informal commercial activities account for an estimated 30% of economic activity around the world. Informal entrepreneurship goes unmonitored despite the fact that it significantly contributes to poverty reduction and economic development. As a result, the informal sector is open to unethical practices including corruption, worker exploitation, and natural environment abuse to name just a few. In the media, debates have formed around whether informal entrepreneurship should be assisted or legitimized.

Entrepreneurship. --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Economic development.